BOOKSHOP
World Literature Today, April-June 2003 v77 i1 p100(2)
Cecilia Manguerra Brainard. Magdalena. Book Review by Kathleen Flanagan.
Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2003 University of Oklahoma
Austin, Texas. Plain View. 2002. 164 pages. $15.95. ISBN 1-891386-29-8
CECILIA MANGUERRA BRAINARD'S novel Magdalena takes its title from a protagonist
descended from several generations of equally compelling female characters.
Brainard's earlier novel When the Rainbow Goddess Wept (1994) employed the viewpoint
of an adolescent girl to recount the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during
World War II. With Magdalena Brainard uses a nonlinear narrative and multiple
points of view to describe the history of the Philippines that roughly corresponds
to its contact with the United States from the Spanish-American War to the war
in Vietnam. Magdalena begins and ends with the perspective of Juana, daughter
of the title character and her American lover (a POW in Vietnam), who is herself
pregnant and curious about her family history. Letters, diaries, and narratives
from numerous characters help Juana reconstruct her maternal and, to a lesser
extent, paternal lineage.
Stories of the women in Magdalena's family are woven together to demonstrate
the dependency of the present on the events of the past. Magdalena's grandfather,
a Filipino nationalist who fought the American military after the Spanish-American
War, writes in his journal, "There must be two Americas, one that sets
the captive free and one that takes a once-captive's new freedom away from him
and picks a quarrel with him with nothing to found it on, then kills him to
get his land." Such interactions with the United States, and similar earlier
experiences with Spain, emphasize the importance of power to some characters,
who reject love matches for marriages with financial and social advantages.
The broken romances of Magdalena's mother and grandmothers affect their treatment
of their daughters, just as the entwined histories of the United States and
the Philippines throw into relief the American involvement in Vietnam in the
1960s setting of the novel.
Magdalena's absent American lover, Nathan Spenser, is portrayed through old
letters as well as through segments describing the activities of his country
in the Philippines. One of his remaining letters explains the patriotic impulses
that led him to enlist but also records his disillusionment with the American
war in Vietnam. Spenser's early idealism is juxtaposed with descriptions such
as that of a U.S. colonel who gives a speech at a newly opened child-care center
for prostitutes' children, many of whom are half-American, and begins to see
Filipinos as more than "hearts and minds" to be won in support of
the effort to spread American democracy in Asia.
The novel brings into focus not only the romantic and social conflicts of different
generations of women but also economic and racial divisions in the Philippines.
Magdalena's great-grandfather on her father's side is an immigrant from China,
and his daughter finds it difficult to enter the highest levels of Philippine
society, just as lower economic and social standing make it difficult for Magdalena's
irascible mother, Luisa, to marry the man she loves. Interspersed throughout
the novel are archival photographs of places and people, photographs that remind
the reader that while the characters are fictional, the backdrop is historical
reality.
Kathleen Flanagan
Longwood University
E-mail questions/comments
to cbrainard@aol.com
Copyright © 2003 Cecilia
Manguerra Brainard